The Analysis of the passage from Sartres Nausea

Jean-Paul Sartre’s novel Nausea throws light on the philosophy of existentialism. The main character struggles to acknowledge the indifference of the physical world while searching for the meaning in his life. This paper is aimed at analyzing a quote from this literary work. In particular, it is necessary to show how this quote is related to the main ideas of Sartre.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Analysis of the passage from Sartre’s Nausea specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, one can argue that this passage explores the feelings of a person who struggles to find the purpose or rationale in his own life. Moreover, the so-called nausea can be described as the state when an individual understands the senselessness of the material world. These are the main issues that should be discussed in this essay. One should note that Antoine Roquentin, who is the main character, is obsessed with the se arch of the meaning that the surrounding world should have. In turn the selected quote describes the experiences of an individual who cannot accept the chaotic nature of the material world. Moreover, he cannot understand why and how the world was created. The following sentence illustrates the feelings of this person, â€Å"I slumped on the bench, dazed, stunned by that profusion of beings without origin† (Sartre 1965, p. 190). Much attention should be paid to the Sartre’s ideas of nausea. This is a state when a person is acutely aware of the existence, but at the same time, the protagonist cannot see the forces that lead to this existence. This is the main question that puzzles this main character. Additionally, the main character is overwhelmed by the alleged senselessness of the physical world, especially its dynamic nature. This is why he utters the following phrase, ‘All of sudden they existed and then, all of sudden, they no longer existed’ (Sartre 1 965, p. 190). On the whole, Antoine Roquentin cannot see the logic of this process (Sartre 1965, p. 190). This issue is of great importance for the protagonist, because this person understands that sooner or later he will also disappear just as the material objects that he observes on a daily basis. This thought causes the nausea that Antoine Roquentin wants to overcome. It should be taken into account that Sartre’s philosophy is aimed at showing that people should recognize the idea of their freedom; otherwise, the quality of their lives will be impaired. Moreover, they should not assume that they were created for some predetermined purpose.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is one of the reasons why Antoine Roquentin is so repulsed by the existence. The selected passage throws light on the attitude of the protagonist who cannot accept the idea that he is free a nd that his life does not have to follow a certain logic that could be imposed from outside. This is why he experiences emotional crisis. Overall, this quote is important for understanding the so-called nausea of the main character and existence. The passage shows that in many cases people strive to discover a pattern in the material world, and the absence of this patter bewilders and sometimes depresses them. This is one of the main issues that Sartre examines in his work. This quote that has been analyzed is vital for discussing some underlying principles of existentialism since it describes the questions or issues that every person strives to understand in effort to find the purpose in his/her lives. Reference Sartre, J 1965, Nausea, Penguin Modern Classics, London. This essay on The Analysis of the passage from Sartre’s Nausea was written and submitted by user BartRozum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

S P D F Orbitals and Angular Momentum Quantum Numbers

S P D F Orbitals and Angular Momentum Quantum Numbers The orbital letters are associated with the angular momentum quantum number, which is assigned an integer value from 0 to 3. The s correlates to 0, p to 1, d to 2, and f to 3. The angular momentum quantum number can be used to give the shapes of the electronic orbitals. What Does S, P, D, F Stand For? The orbital names s, p, d, and f stand for names given to groups of lines originally noted in the spectra of the alkali metals. These line groups are called sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Shapes of Orbitals and Electron Density Patterns The s orbitals are spherical, while p orbitals are polar and oriented in particular directions (x, y, and z). It may be simpler to think of these two letters in terms of orbital shapes (d and f arent described as readily). However, if you look at a cross-section of an orbital, it isnt uniform. For the s orbital, for example, there are shells of higher and lower electron density. The density near the nucleus is very low. Its not zero, however, so there is a small chance of finding an electron within the atomic nucleus. What the Orbital Shape Means The electron configuration of an atom denotes the distribution of electrons among available shells. At any point in time, an electron can be anywhere, but its probably contained somewhere in the volume described by the orbital shape. Electrons can only move between orbitals by absorbing or emitting a packet or quantum of energy. The standard notation lists the subshell symbols, one after another. The number of electrons contained in each subshell is stated explicitly. For example, the electron configuration of beryllium, with an atomic (and electron) number of 4, is 1s22s2 or [He]2s2. The superscript is the number of electrons in the level. For beryllium, there are two electrons in the 1s orbital and 2 electrons in the 2s orbital. The number in front of the energy level indicates relative energy. For example, 1s is lower energy than 2s, which in turn is lower energy than 2p. The number in front of the energy level also indicates its distance from the nucleus. The 1s is closer to the atomic nucleus than 2s. Electron Filling Pattern Electrons fill up energy levels in a predictable manner. The electron filling pattern is: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f s can hold 2 electronsp can hold 6 electronsd can hold 10 electronsf can hold 14 electrons Note that individual orbitals hold a maximum of two electrons. There can be two electrons within an s-orbital, p-orbital, or d-orbital. There are more orbitals within f than d, and so on.

Assumptions And Forms Of Emh Finance Essay

Assumptions And Forms Of Emh Finance Essay The subject of efficient market hypothesis is more deliberated and discussed in available studies, but there is no special focus on the EMH form existing in Gulf area, by these means, this study analyses and evaluates the applicability of this model in some selected countries in Gulf area and how it would affect the decisions regarding the financial issues. This chapter proposes the outlines of how the subject is going to be investigated and (ii) gives an introductory overview about the topic that is being probed. At first, the motive of the study is declared and the framework is outlined, so as for the need and purpose of the study; then the research questions are proposed and stated. This section also contains a brief description about the participants which the study comprises. Secondly, the outcomes of the initial review of literature are appointed to form a base for the research questions. Thirdly, the rationalization for the used research approaches is stated, and then the met hodology is justified and supported by evidential test that provides validation for the chosen methods. This section also determines the suggested scheme for chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5. And in the final section, the outcomes of this study will be displayed, and the benefits will be discusses in details for each beneficiary. Subject And Objectives The EMH topic fascinates the researcher, and relating the EMH concept to corporate finance through examination of markets can help improve the efficiencies within corporate world as well as increase investors wealth and decision taking. The primary objective of this study is to examine the form of EMH is available in the selected markets which would contribute in guiding these firms in implementing good corporate practices and making these reforms feasible and appropriate, and to identify to what extent EMH constitutes a good approach for financial practices in KSA, UAE, and Kuwait. While this dissertation aims to study which form of EMH does the selected markets undertake, it doesn’t take the burden to prove the accuracy of EMH. After determining which forms of EMH, the benefits to both the investors and corporations interested in the selected markets are huge. It enables the investors to examine if possibility of abnormal earnings exists, while enabling the management to choose wisely its accounting choices, financial choices, and timing decision. The data for this dissertation is highly accessible. It can be easily retrieved from stock indexes of the selected countries. The dissertation aims to examine stock prices changes covering the last 5 years with data retrieved from Tadawul, ADX, Central Bank, and KSE. This data will then be compared with major economic and company specific events. These events can be retrieved from company’s announcement, country’s economic reports, newspapers, and specialized financial reports. Specific research questions include: What types of information are available i n the selected markets? Are they only historical, publicly available, or private/public information? To what extent the stock prices in the selected markets reflect the available information? Which forms of EMH do these markets exhibit?

North America, Latin America, The Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa are Essay

North America, Latin America, The Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa are Joined Economically and Culturally - Essay Example People from diverse backgrounds come together through the cyber-world, work together, socialize, discuss issues and keep themselves updated about whatever is going on through media. America is considered to be the world’s greatest global economy, especially the Northern region, which is a comprehensive mix of people from diverse backgrounds. The major global changes begin in this region of the world and then spread everywhere quickly owing to the numerous benefits of globalization. On the other extreme, there is Africa, where growth has been minimal throughout the years, which means that globalization was also at a bare minimum. In the middle of these two extremes lie Latin America and the Caribbean where globalization and growth were at a steady rate, much lesser than in North America but much higher than in Sub Saharan Africa. For instance, Mexico had a very high rate of globalization as compared to other Caribbean States. Africa is typically seen as a place where there is a severe lack of resources and, in extreme cases, people are dying of hunger. There are huge geographical and demographic differences amongst these regions, America being the greatest developed country and most regions of Africa being the least developed. There is a huge gap in resources, culture, eating habits, kind of jobs people do, level of living of people. Americans have a lavish style of living and mostly have service-based economies, while a part of Africa is still suffering from lack of resources and a fairly large percentage of people who do not have any way to make a living. They are less educated; and in America, education is a primary concern available to all.

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research project - Essay Example does not cure AIDS or eliminate the virus from the body. Higher rates of success have been achieved with a cocktail of a variety of medications, including both protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. "Efavirenz (Sustiva), another type of reverse transcriptase inhibitor, must be taken with protease inhibitors or older AIDS medicines. Opportunistic infections are treated with various antibiotics and antivirals, and patients with malignancies may undergo chemotherapy. These measures may prolong life or improve the quality of life, but drugs for AIDS treatment may also produce painful or debilitating side effects." (Muir, 1991) Protease inhibitors, first approved in 1995, were designed for use in combination with reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The AIDS cocktail or triple-combination therapy, consists of a protease inhibitor and two reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as AZT and 3TC. Protease inhibitors work by disrupting the HIV replication cycle. "Protease is another enzyme that is essential in the replication of HIV, but rather than acting on the process of genetic transcription, protease is necessary for breaking down viral proteins into the proper components for the maturation of new virus particles." In the absence of protease, the formation of viral proteins is incomplete, slowing the process of the virus. When taken together, the actions of reverse transcriptase inhibitors work in the early stages of the syndrome, while protease inhibitors interrupt processes in the final stages of maturation of new virus particles. (Henkel, 1999) Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of this combination therapy and resulted in an advancement in the... Elwood, William N., ed. Power in the Blood: A Handbook on AIDS, Politics, and Communication. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999. Questia. 9 Mar. 2007 . Mitchell, Christopher G., and Nathan L. Linsk. "A Multidimensional Conceptual Framework for Understanding HIV/AIDS as a Chronic Long-Term Illness." Social Work 49.3 (2004): 469+. Questia. 8 Mar. 2007 .

The end of the play Essay Example for Free

The end of the play Essay But Alfieri respects Eddie for being willing to lay down his life for what he sees as justice, even if he does not have the backing of law, when he says the truth is holy. Arthur Miller wrote in the NY Times article that Tragedy arises when we are in the presence of a man who has missed accomplishing his joy. But the job must be there, the promise of the right way of life must be there. Eddie is a tragic character because he will do anything for the truth, or what he sees as the truth. Alfieri later says he allowed himself to be wholly know and for that I will love him more than all of my sensible clients. He prefers Eddie to the more sensible people he has come across because he fought for justice. But Eddie isnt sensible enough to separate justice from his own feelings of indignation. His actions are driven mainly by self interest but he doesnt realise this himself and he breaks a code of honour which binds Red Hook together. He betrays Eddie and Marco to the authorities which is extremely dishonourable. After Beatrice tells Catherine about Vinny Bolzano who betrayed his uncle to Immigration. Eddie says you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away. Honour is very important in the Italian-American community of Red Hook and Eddie is desperate for his reputation back at the end, so his death could be seen as his zenith. Eddies motives were not purely good, but himself purely. Alfieri sees it as an attractive aspect of Eddies character that he was not willing to sacrifice his dignity for a easier life even though he is aware of the problems it caused. The play draws to a close with the words And so I mourn him I admit it with a certain alarm Miller makes clear that Eddie is not a selfless hero, he is almost an anti-hero. In the end he loses everything; Catherine, his wife, his name. He can only fight Marco to the death. In death he restores some of his lost honour because he doesnt try to escape his fate. This can also be interpreted as Alfieris horror that Eddie destroyed himself and he was unable to stop it. Eddie is holding the knife as it stabs him, so he literally dies by his own hand so his death could also be seen as his nadir. This links with the part in his introduction at the start about lawyers before him sitting in their offices hearing similar cases, sitting there as a powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course. reinforcing the sense of inevitably about Eddies downfall. Miller wants the ending of the play to inspire discussion and excuse us to question things we have previously accepted. He says in his definition of tragedy that it brings us knowledge or enlightenment as opposed to pathos which just brings us sadness, sympathy, on even fear, which just brings us sadness, sympathy or even fear. Without this final speech the play would just and with those things. Arguably, Alfieris speech is designed to bring us knowledge and enlightenment. On the other hands, Alfieri sounds confused. Miller certainly wants us to discuss the issues raised in his speech but Alfieri is not very persuasive in telling as why feels that something perversely pure calls out to [him] from [Eddies] memory. He sounds as if he has out much of an idea why he feels this way despite evidence to the contrary. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Low Birthweight :: Health, Newborn

Low Birth Weight At birth, the average newborn weighs approximately seven pounds; meanwhile, a low birth weight baby weighs less than five and a half pounds (March of Dimes Foundation, 2011). Today, low birth weight typically occurs in newborns born before thirty-seven weeks gestation or in full-term deliveries where the baby is under-weight, also known as intrauterine growth restriction (March of Dimes Foundation, 2011). Complications associated with a low birth weight may include vision, hearing, and learning disabilities. Poor health, drug and alcohol use, and tobacco exposure will increase the probability that a woman will give birth to an under-weight baby (Discovery Communications, 2011). A woman’s overall health and wellness, during pregnancy, is important to the development of her growing fetus. Chronic health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, increased stress levels, and insufficient rest can significantly reduce the baby’s weight (Discovery Communications, 2011, p.3). In addition, a balanced diet rich in nutrients is essential to a healthy weight gain in the mother and baby. According to the March of Dimes (2011), pregnant women should receive prenatal care and work closely with a health care provider to manage chronic health conditions. The use of illicit and prescription drugs has been associated with growth restriction, premature delivery, and multiple congenital anomalies (as cited in Berger, 2010, p.74). A pregnant woman should seek medical consent, before taking any medication, to assess the potential risks and benefits (as cited in Berger, 2010, p.74). Furthermore, healthcare professionals warn that all women should avoid alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy limits fetal growth and may cause a cluster of birth defects known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (Berger, 2010, p.73). Infants born with FAS may suffer from slow physical growth, delayed mental and behavioral development, and abnormal facial features (Berger, 2010, p.73). Women are encouraged to quit smoking cigarettes before and during pregnancy. The toxic substances found in tobacco may affect normal placental function in addition to exposing the fetus to harmful chemicals (Discovery Communications, 2011, p.4). By smoking, a woman increases her baby’s chance of developing a congenital heart defect as well as a low birth weight (Neighborhood Link, 2011). Smoking cessation, at any point, during pregnancy increases the probability of a normal birth weight (Discovery Communications, 2011, p. Low Birthweight :: Health, Newborn Low Birth Weight At birth, the average newborn weighs approximately seven pounds; meanwhile, a low birth weight baby weighs less than five and a half pounds (March of Dimes Foundation, 2011). Today, low birth weight typically occurs in newborns born before thirty-seven weeks gestation or in full-term deliveries where the baby is under-weight, also known as intrauterine growth restriction (March of Dimes Foundation, 2011). Complications associated with a low birth weight may include vision, hearing, and learning disabilities. Poor health, drug and alcohol use, and tobacco exposure will increase the probability that a woman will give birth to an under-weight baby (Discovery Communications, 2011). A woman’s overall health and wellness, during pregnancy, is important to the development of her growing fetus. Chronic health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, increased stress levels, and insufficient rest can significantly reduce the baby’s weight (Discovery Communications, 2011, p.3). In addition, a balanced diet rich in nutrients is essential to a healthy weight gain in the mother and baby. According to the March of Dimes (2011), pregnant women should receive prenatal care and work closely with a health care provider to manage chronic health conditions. The use of illicit and prescription drugs has been associated with growth restriction, premature delivery, and multiple congenital anomalies (as cited in Berger, 2010, p.74). A pregnant woman should seek medical consent, before taking any medication, to assess the potential risks and benefits (as cited in Berger, 2010, p.74). Furthermore, healthcare professionals warn that all women should avoid alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy limits fetal growth and may cause a cluster of birth defects known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (Berger, 2010, p.73). Infants born with FAS may suffer from slow physical growth, delayed mental and behavioral development, and abnormal facial features (Berger, 2010, p.73). Women are encouraged to quit smoking cigarettes before and during pregnancy. The toxic substances found in tobacco may affect normal placental function in addition to exposing the fetus to harmful chemicals (Discovery Communications, 2011, p.4). By smoking, a woman increases her baby’s chance of developing a congenital heart defect as well as a low birth weight (Neighborhood Link, 2011). Smoking cessation, at any point, during pregnancy increases the probability of a normal birth weight (Discovery Communications, 2011, p.

Using Fun Activities to Improve Speaking Skill

by : enisa cahya . [email  protected] com Using Fun Activities to Improve speaking skill for senior high school learners There are many definition of speaking. Speaking is one of the skills that have to be mastered by students in learning English. It is important for students to known definition first. Many experts define speaking in different ways. Brown and Yule (1989) stated in their book. The speakers say words to the listener not only to express what in her mind but also to express what he needs whether information service.Most people might spend of  their everyday life in communicating with other. According to Syafrudin (2001) speaking is as active productive skill makes us of oral communication. Finocchiro and Bonomo (2001) stated that speaking as one or more sound make by human being for purposing of  communication. Beside, Chaney in Alfira (1998) says that speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning. So, the student should have capability in telling their i deas about some  problems or some things.The goal of speaking is to improve students ¶ communicative skill. By telling their ideas, the students can improve their speaking ability and increase their confidence. Mc. Donough and shaw (1993) says speaking is the ways to express ideas and opinion, expressing and desire to do something, negotiating or solving a particular problem, and maintaining social relationship and friendship. Long and Richard ( 1982 ) says speaking is a complex set of ability that involve many component, including pronunciations, listening and grammar skill.From the explanation above it can conducted that speaking is very important to communicated with others to take and give information learning language speaking skill should  be taught and practiced in the classroom event in real life situation, in order to an able our  students to communicate effectively and accurately by using component such as vocabulary and  pronunciation, fluency and basic grammati cal pattern. Video is one of the technological aids that use in the classroom nowadays.Video is an extremely use media which incorporates a wide variety at visual element and a great range of  audio experiences in additional to spoken language based on speaking descriptive text. Sane (2009) stated that video is the technology to capture, record, and process, transmit and rearrange the moving picture also video can use for tutorials, videos for learning, and even videos for  entertainment or for documentation of activities. It means in teaching English language we can use video to make students not bored and like to study English language.To improve the students speaking ability, it needs innovation and creation to motivate them while learning speaking skill. Therefore, the teachers need to prepare the material, for example the teacher commands the students to prepare a dialogue based on a video that has been watched. Teaching speaking to the students needs innovation and creatio n to motivate them while learning speaking. One way that can be used by the teacher is by using media especially video. The advantages of teaching speaking by using video are to create enjoy and fun atmosphere in teaching learning process.These media are really useful and helpful for the student. Besides, video are also used to motivate the students in learning English. Teaching by using video is used to give variety in explaining material. Like Stempleski (1987) that said video can be used in a variety of instructional setting such as in classroom and in self study and evaluation situation. Every person will have different to describe same video. It will motivate them to have an opportunity to tell what they see about the video. There are another ways to teach English besides Video, games also appropriate to improve speaking skill for students.There are many reasons a teacher uses games in teaching speaking. Games give students chance to use English orally, it means that students c an  practice and develop their ability to speak English. Games provide fun and relax while remaining very much within the framework of language learning. It is expected for shy or slow learners can be active participants to show their ability and find their confidence in communicating in the foreign language. Games are not just time filling activities in the class, but also have a great educational value. W. R.Lee (in Uberman,2002) holds that most language games make learners use the language instantly without thinking about the correct form of the language itself. So at this phase, the language games can lower students’ anxiety in using the target language, they are also highly motivating and entertaining so that the shy students will get more opportunities to express their opinion and feeling. Further suppport comes from Zdybiewska (as cited in Uberman,2002), she believes that games can be a good way in practicing the target language that being learned by the children, si nce they are able to provide a model of language on what the earners will use in the real life According to Betteridge and Buckby (1990), â€Å"Essentially, in guessing and speculating games, some one knows something and the others must find out what it is. † In addition, Merriem Webster (1986) said that â€Å"Guessing games is game in which the participates compete individually or team in the identification of something indicate obscurely (as in riddles or charades). Based on the definition, it can be conclude that guessing games is a game in which a person or participant knows something and competes individually or in a team to identify or to find out it.There are many concepts of guessing games, which can be applied in teaching speaking. According to Richard – Amato (1988), â€Å"Guessing games can be used to develop or reinforce concept, to add diversion to regular activities, or just to break the ice. However, their must important function is to give practice in communication. † It says that guessing games give students do not feel bored during learning process. Nevertheless, the most important thing is to give the students in practicing their English. Based on the statement above, we can conclude that guessing games give students more chance in formulating question.But we know that language classes are spent answering questions puts forth by the teacher or text book. This idea is also supported by Silver (1980) : â€Å"Language classes are often inadvertently structured so that most of the students speaking time is spent answering questions put forth by teacher or text book: as a result the students often have difficultly in forming own question. So, by using this game students are asked to practice in formulating questions. Here the students can apply their ability in using question – word (WH) question.

Key Roles and Responsibilities Essay

Management: Management have a key role and a large responsibility of ensuring health and safety is followed in their pub. Managers need to ensure that all of the correct measures are in place so as to keep all legislations in order. If managers did not have any responsibility in the workplace then all employees would therefore not follow any legislations and many staff and customers could potentially be injured. Managers have to ensure that all employees regularly read SOP’s and complete all online courses regarding new legislation as well as refresher courses regarding health and safety at work. Human Resources Manager: Human resources have the main role within Wetherspoons regarding the responsibility of health and safety of the entire workplace. Without Human resources the company would not have any of the SOP’s (Safety Operating Procedures) or COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health) manuals. If human resources did not do this Wetherspoons would be operating against many laws and therefore be shut down. Bar Associates: Bar associates have a minor responsibility in health and safety at work but a large role for maintaining health and safety in the workplace. If staff members did not carry out frequent bar, floor and toilet checks then both employees and customers will be at risk of a potential risk. This could be slipping on a spilt drink or the toilets being unhygienic. Staff need to constantly make the bar, floor and toilet as clean and safe as possible. This includes wiping spillages on the bar, collecting glasses and plates and sweeping and moping. Kitchen Staff: Kitchen staff have a very high responsibility and role within the company regarding health and safety, as they are handling food. Kitchen staff have to ensure that their hands are constantly being washed, the kitchen is clean and food is in date. If kitchen staff did not have a responsibility within health and safety then customers could potentially be food poisoned, as well.

The Psychic Crisis Theory of the Salem Witch Trials essays

The Psychic Crisis Theory of the Salem Witch Trials essays Psycho-history lends insight into the possible states of mind of individuals. Historians have attempted to use psychological and sociological theories to explain historical events and show how the human psyche creates historical crises. The psychic crisis theory of the Salem witchcraft hysteria can explain several aspects of the witch trials because historical fact alone may not be able to completely account for the underlying reasons for the persecutions. As such, the psychic crisis theory is a reasonable extension of a more meat and potatoes history, which readily takes into account issues such as religiosity, social norms, trends, and politics. Just as it may be reasonable to assume that Van Gogh suffered from a mental illness in addition to epilepsy, it may also be reasonable for historians to assume that the hysteria over witchcraft stemmed from a psycho-social crisis. The behaviors of both the accused and the accusers may have been due to psychic crises: caused by social confli ct, psychological turmoil, or the ingestion of psychedelics. However, because it is largely speculative, psycho-history can never be as reliable as cold, hard facts. Calling witchcraft hysteria a psychic crisis infers too much about the root causes of the historical phenomenon. History should always be based on factual evidence in the same way science or law must also be based on hard evidence. At the same time, psycho-history can offer meaningful alternative perspectives on persons and events, filling in the gaps cold, hard facts cannot fill. Historians should feel free to speculate about the potential psychic causes of the witchcraft hysteria as well as about the states of mind of the individuals on both sides of the stake. In some cases, meat and potatoes facts can prove unreliable or misleading, which is why psycho-history should not be completely abandoned. Students of history also appreciate alternative perspectives that s...

American Corporations that has outsourced jobs Essay

American Corporations that has outsourced jobs - Essay Example "Global access to vendors, falling interaction costs, and improved information technologies and communications links are giving manufacturers unprecedented choice in structuring their businesses. Through outsourcing, companies can now dump operational headaches and bottlenecks downstream, often capture immediate cost savings, and avoid labor conflicts and management deficiencies" (Doig, Ritter, Speckhals, & Woolson 2001). However, outsourcing has its drawbacks as well. When companies choose to farm out high capital manufacturing assets to overseas or other outside entities, they may also unknowingly be giving away those skills that have helped them to stand out in the marketplace. For instance, consider the company Gibson Greetings, which is the oldest greeting card maker in the United States. The company began to face hard times in the 1990s as it started to run out of cash. At that point in time, the company's management team chose to outsource its manufacturing. It was not very long before the company started to run into supplier-management problems. These problems caused the company to lose its place at large retailers. "In the meantime, its competitors had been investing in more efficient printing and production technologies. Ultimately, one of those competitors acquired Gibson. The final nail in the coffin was that Gibson got out of the manufacturing business and started outsourcing." Gibson Greetings is a NASDAQ publicly traded company headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. The company has 4,600 employees and enjoys annual sales of $546.2 million. Gibson was incorporated in 1895 and, at that point in time, was known as The Gibson Art Company. It belongs to two industries: greeting cards and converted paper products. Coming in just behind Hallmark and American Greetings Corporation, Gibson is the third largest greeting card manufacturer in the United States. Gibson also makes gift wrap, gift bags, boxes of cards, calendars, party favors, and the related. Subsidiaries to the business are located in Memphis, Tennessee; Mexico; and the United Kingdom. "As Gibson readied itself for the 21st century, the company with the industry's hottest licensed properties, strategic alliances, and ethnic market leadership would have to overcome prior losses of customers and mismanagement of finances in order to reach its goal of becoming the leader in the social expression industry" ( About.com 2008 and American Greetings 2007). This is not to say that the choice to outsource always ends in this fashion, but it definitely can. If it is done properly, it can really turn a company around by lowering costs and, therefore, boosting their bottom line. However, it is necessary for each and every company that considers outsourcing critically analyze the pros and cons of doing so before taking such a big step. Simply assuming outsourcing will work for just anyone can be a fatal mistake. Memo To: Whom It May Concern From: Your Name Date: 2/15/2012 Re: Outsourcing Gibson Greetings The purpose of this essay was to identify an American company that had outsourced and to discuss that company in terms of its nature, size, and power, as well as how it presents itself to both stockholders and the

Learning outcomes of Statistics for Managers Research Paper

Learning outcomes of Statistics for Managers - Research Paper Example It is important for people to put statistics in practice even if they do not understand statistical methods well (Anderson, Sweeney & Williams, 2011). Descriptive statistics are numbers that are used to explore data in a more meaningful way such that a person can understand the data with no need of explanation. In descriptive, data more explained in such a way that images or patterns may emerge from the data presented. This helps those that cannot read and understand what the data means to study the image or patterns well so that they can be able to understand the data well. Descriptive statistic is of more importance if the data was to presented in a raw data it could be difficult for some of us to understand the data especially if one has a lot of data to go through. According to Leblanc (2004), descriptive statistics enables people to present their data in a more meaningful way for easy interpretation of the data. For example, a certain number of students in school sit for an exam then their teacher want to take the overall performance of those students. He or she will have to apply descriptive statistics to get the overall of his or her students. Inferential statistics is more concerned in making inference or predictions of a give population through analyses and observation of the sample. In inferential statistics the data is generalized together as opposed to descriptive statistics where data is more interpreted in a meaningful way. As such, analysts can take the results obtained from an analysis using a study sample, and then generalize this information for use in the larger population represented by the sample. Silverman (1986), argues that it is imperative to use a representative sample of the group being generalized in order to achieve this fete effectively. Some of the key tests of significance considered under the issue of generalization include a T-test or a Chi-square, which explores the probability of the results